Masculinity And Style In Hemingway And Carver - 1604 Words

Masculinity and Style in Hemingway and Carver. The following will present the themes of masculinity in relation to style in Raymond Carver and Ernest Hemingway. Both are major figures of 20th century US fiction, and both write about characters that struggle with male or masculine identity and social expectations. These struggles often mean that other characters in their stories are the victims. In other words, the problems that the characters experience, are both internalized but also externalized toward others and this will be examined with specific author selections. It will be argued in the following that there is a minimalism recognized at many levels of the style for both authors, but this essay will explore the minimal†¦show more content†¦There is workplace degradation that happens to male characters in Carver stories, and these characters are in turn, viewed as expressing these personal frustrations on those around them (Hall 177). Hemingway wrote extensively about a character that will be examined in the following named Nick Adams, and their own biographical parallel is a First World War experience that results in a dynamic that gets played over and over. The character of Nick Adams like the figure of Hemingway, had to return to a world after a shattering emotional war experience, and a good dimension of that world is defined by the male expectations of it. The following will examine the theme of masculinity in relation to style using two specific RC short stories. Cathedral and Why Don t you dance? are very similar in structure and are useful for comparison. Both characters involve the dynamic of a couple with a challenged relationship who encounter another male. In both stories, it is a younger couple, and in both stories, the older male is partially defined by some eccentric and important features. In Cathedral, the blind friend of a wife and her husband meet for the first time and there is a tension between the couple over a few dif ferences of expectations. In Why Don t you dance?, a young couple walking along together encounter an older man who has

Internal Influences and Consumer Decision Process

Internal Influences and Consumer Decision Process Consumers’ Purchase Decision: Motivation Consumer motivation is an internal state that drives people to identify and buy products or services that fulfill conscious and unconscious needs or desires. The fulfillment of those needs can then motivate them to make a repeat purchase or to find different goods and services to better fulfill those needs (Peter Donnelly, 2004). The behavioral aspect of consumer motivation concerns the actions someone takes before purchasing and consuming goods or services. A person might do a lot of research--evaluating alternatives, testing and sampling--before making a selection. Consumer might decide to buy something based on which goods or services most†¦show more content†¦How the benefits of a product feel to consumers is actually the key. Based on neurobiological evidences that emotional reactions are 80% faster than cognitively filtered reactions to brand-related stimuli, successful marketers understand that emotions are more significant than thought. Our brain consists of three s eparate brains, the original sensory brain, an emotional brain, and a rational brain - a very late addition in evolutionary terms - from which verbal abilities stem. The emotional brain is reported to send 10 times the amount of data to the rational brain that it receives in return. After all we are rational beings and make our final decisions based on facts and logic. Where we use our emotions to make decisions, we justify them with logic. The heart has to be touched first, before the facts are presented. Consumers’ Purchase Decision: Lifestyle Consumer life-styles and purchasing behaviors have been always a great interest to marketers. The knowledge of consumer behavior helps the marketer to understand how consumers think, feel and select from alternatives like products, brands and the like and how the consumers are influenced by their environment, the reference groups, family, and salespersons and so on (Peter Donnelly, 2004). Life-styles are not held to the same degree by everyone. The identification of life-styles could have important implications for marketing strategy decisions. Another importantShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behaviour And Decision Making Process Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature based on the order of the objectives. The literature review is on purchase intention, financial capability, and social factors, consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. 2.2. Theoretical review While consumers/buyers have existed for thousands of years, consumer behaviour research really began after World War II. 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It was established as a unique field of study during the 1960s (Engel, BlackwellRead MoreThe Marketing Objectives And The Consumer Centric1643 Words   |  7 PagesAs stated by the chartered institute of marketing (CIM)ï ¼Å'â€Å"Marketing is the process of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitably.† Marketing is a term gradually into people’s version; it also become to the company’s primary sector with the improvement of the economic development and the increased in household’s disposal income. Some firms realized that only pay attention to the internal capability to product quality and philosophy rather than focus on customer satisfactionRead MoreBuyer Decision Process Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagescustomers make their purchase decision is a very important issue for a company. It can bring numerous influenc es to companies for establishing an appropriate marketing strategy. 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Through the experience he acquires, his learning and his external influences (family, friends, etc†¦), he will develop beliefs that will influence his buying behavior. Customer possesses specific belief and attitude towards various products. Since such beliefs and attitudes make up brand image and affect consumer buying behavior therefore marketers are interested in them. Marketers can change the beliefs and attitudes of customers by launchingRead MoreConsumer Behaviour1699 Wo rds   |  7 PagesA MODEL OF CONSUMER DECISION MAKING The process of consumer decision making has 3 stages: input stage, process stage and output stage. The input stage influences the consumer’s recognition of a product need and consists of 2 major sources of information: 1) the company’s marketing efforts (product, price, promotion and price) and the external sociological influences on the consumer (family, friends, neighbours other informal and non-commercial sources, social class and cultural and subcultural

Manage Work Planning

Question: Write a report about the manage work panning. Answer: Labor supply is defined as the number of labors who are willing to work for a particular job for a given time duration and the amount of wage (May, Peetz, Strachan, 2013). The supply of labor might vary depending on the type of job and the economy of the country as well as the company. Workforce turnover is defined as the duration of the association of the employees with the organization and the frequency of the replacement of the employees in the organization (Buchan, O'May, Dussault, 2013). The workforce turnover rate is calculated by dividing the separations of the employees by the average number of employees (Massey, 2013). When an employee leaves an organization then that action is called a separation. The strategy applied by an organization to retain the employees in an organization is called staff retention strategy (Carswell, De Neve, 2013). Various strategies that could be applied by an organization to retain the employees in the organization are: Timely payment to the employees Looking after the welfare of the employees Giving proper benefits to the employees Providing a good environment to the employees to work in Workforce analysis is the evaluation done by the higher authorities of an organization to manage the human resource of the organization (O'Neil, 2014). The analysis involves identifying the present and the future supply of labors and resources in the organization. Understand the need of the future competencies. Analysis of the situation of the present and the internal resources is called the supply analysis. Predicting the demand of the future is called the demand analysis. After the evaluation between the present and the future, a gap can be identified between the two. The higher authorities can carry out a gap analysis and take further steps to fill those gaps for the enhancement of the organization. The turnover rate of the staff determines the business success of Woolworths in the competitive market. The employee turnover rate lowers down due to several reasons: Reward and Recognition The reward and recognition strategy help the business to develop the motivation and encourage factor towards the employees and helps in a success of the business as well (Thite, 2012). This helps the business to encourage more employees and helps the Woolworths in sustainability as well. Incentive The incentive scheme for the overtime work or incentive for the performance also helps the employee to improve the skill and potentiality of the employee and thus helps the business to increase the rate of growth of the company as well. The incentive also helps to get motivated employee as the remuneration scheme always helps the business to attract more employees and helps in increasing the productivity and profitability rate of the employee as well (Rego et al., 2012). Performance Appraisal The performance appraisal of the employee also helps in improving the profitability of the organization as a whole. The analysis of the performance of the employee helps in encouraging the employee more towards the business and helps in improving the productivity rate of the Woolworths as a whole in the competitive scenario (Bevir, 2012). According to the abs.gov.au, since November 2014 until November 2015, the full-time adult average weekly ordinary time earnings has grown by 1.7% and the present figure is $1,499.30 (abs.gov.au, 2016). According to the Australian bureau of statistics, the number of employment increased to 11,933,400 from 8,300. Another positive side that was identified is that the number of unemployed individuals decreased from 725,900 to 200 (abs.gov.au, 2016). Wesfarmers is one of the largest companies in the land of Australia, and the business operations of the company cover departmental stores, office equipments, supermarkets, convenience store, hotels, liquors and home improvement. Another part of the business includes the industrial materials like fertilizers, chemicals, industrial safety products and coal. It started its functioning in the year, 1914 and currently functions with 210,000 employees (wesfarmers.com.au, 2016). The present stakeholder base is around 500,000. The main aim of Wesfarmers is to give good amount of returns to the stakeholders. Five factors that would affect the workforce supply are: Promotion of the employees within the organization Wesfarmers is a huge company with around 21,000 employees working for the organization. In such a situation, if the employees are given promotion within the organization, the employees will not need training and they can perform efficiently. The employees will have an idea about the number of working hours in the organization and they will be able to adjust themselves accordingly (Stirpe, Bonache, Revilla, 2014). Thus, the workforce supply will be affected positively if the organization indulges in promoting the employees. Economy of the country If the economy of the country is in a downturn, then chances will be high that the employees will go away from the country in search of work (Suedekum, Wolf, Blien, 2014). As a result the organization will suffer from negative workforce supply. However, as Australia is a developed nation, hence, chances of economic downturn will be less for Wesfarmers. Availability of particular talent in the market Availability of a particular talent in the market hugely affects the workforce supply. If there is excess of talent, the workforce supply will rise (Carayannis, Grigoroudis, 2014). On the other hand, of the there is scarcity of talent in the market, and then the workforce supply will decrease. Wesfarmers will have to change their pay structure and the place of search accordingly. Competition within the industry If the competition among the workers and the companies are more, it will become tough for Wesfarmers to get the workforce supply (May, Peetz, Strachan, 2013). Wesfarmers suffer from constant competition but its market presence helps the organization to get the proper workforce supply Growth of educational institutions The educational institutions will be able to produce more skilled labors for Wesfarmers. Hence, the workforce supply will increase for the organization if they are able to tap the students to join their organization (Buchan, O'May, Dussault, 2013). Wesfarmers are in the need of both skilled as well as diverse workforce. Wesfarmers has grown and always growing, hence it needs a workforce who is ready to adapt to any situation and work accordingly. If there is diverse workforce in the organization, it will help the organization tom grow and immediately get settled in the new environments (Carswell, De Neve, 2013). The employees will be able to help each other even in tough situations and especially when the company is emerging On the other hand, the necessity of skilled labors is also necessary in the organizations. Australia is a place where there is a settlement of diverse people and hence the requirements of the people are also various for the organization. Hence, Wesfarmers need skilled labors that have a proper idea about the industrial relations as well as the demands and the needs of the customers. However, there are different types of skills that would be required by Wesfarmers for their operations: Labors with experience Only those labors can be termed skilled labors that have a minimum of two years of experience in the field (Stirpe, Bonache, Revilla, 2014). In addition to this, skilled cannot be hired in contract or temporary basis. They should be permanent and should be under the payroll of the organization they are working Jobs in the factory Here the word factory not only means the industrial jobs but also the jobs that require some kind of technical knowledge (Suedekum, Wolf, Blien, 2014). As Wesfarmers is a well known organization, hence it will require people who have a proper knowledge of technology so that they can multitask at one point of time Jobs regarding trade Imports and exports are a part of the business for Wesfarmers. Hence, they need skilled labors that have thorough knowledge of the laws of such trades (Carayannis, Grigoroudis, 2014). In this way, the job of Wesfarmers will become easier as they will be able carry out the job. In addition to this, there a be other trade jobs that require apprenticeship training like, painters, welders, carpenters and other types of workers. The government of Australia has implemented a General Skilled Migration (GSM), which was implemented on 22nd September 2015 (border.gov.au, 2016). There are many workers who come to Australia due to unrest in their country. They search for work. The workers can then apply for visa for the fooling cases: Skilled Independent Labors (subclass 175) Skilled Sponsored Labors (subclass 176) Skilled Regional Sponsored Labors (subclass 475) Labor force is defines as the number of people who are either employed or are not employed abut are extensively looking for job (Massey, 2013). Forecast is the prediction made by various companies regarding the labor force of a particular place. The calculations and the predictions are done by comparing the economy of the country and the world economy. The number of employees available in the nation and the number of employees already engaged will help the company to understand the workforce supply. Depending on that the organization decides whether to launch the business in that location or change the location. Specific activities that should be undertaken are: Thorough market research Market research not involves the gaining knowledge about the competitors; it also involves research regarding the techniques used by the competitors (O'Neil, 2014). The action and techniques incorporated by the competitors in the market to tap the employees for the organization and the plans they have made for the employees. The better plans that will be made by organization, the workforce supply will rise accordingly. Partnerships Partnerships at times help the companies to tackle difficult situations in a better manner (May, Peetz, Strachan, 2013). Hence, even if the present situation of the company or the economy is not right, merging with another organization might help in dividing the risks. The experts from the both the companies can then predict the labour force for different places and even of the labour force is not strong, the contributions of the partnered companies will help them to tap some of the best workers from the market. The labour force will turn in favor of those companies as they will get better payments from them than other organizations. Reference List: 6202.0 - Labour Force, Australia, Jun 2016. (2016).Abs.gov.au. 6302.0 - Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, Nov 2015. (2016). Anheier, H. K. (2014). profit organizations: Theory, management, policy. Routledge. Appelbaum, S. H., Fewster, B. M. (2014). Safety and customer service: contemporary practices in diversity, organizational development and training and development in the global hotel industry.Management Research News,27(10), 1-26.

PESTEL analysis free essay sample

Canada is one of the mightiest countries in the world due to its many unique characters. In the context of economy Canada is a leading competitor for many other giants in the world. As country there are many things to boast about Canada. Natural resources, healthcare, arts, music, and many more made Canada very much popular among other nations. This report discusses and analyse the political, economic and legal characteristics of Canada and its effect on doing business there in briefly. Table of Content List of Figures List of Tables 1. Introduction Canada is a North American Country having 10 provinces 3 territories in its content. It is located to the northern side of the continent. The extent of the land is about 9. 98 million square kilometres in total it is the worlds second-largest country by total area. Canada’s common border with the United States becomes the worlds longest land border shared by the same two countries. We will write a custom essay sample on PESTEL analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The country is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy and the Queen Elizabeth II is the head of the state. Canada is officially bilingual (English French) with an estimated population of 35. 15 million for the year 2013. Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada and is one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural nation of the world. In the beginning of the late 15th century, British and French in their colonial expeditions have explored, and later settled in the region. With time the population grew in the in subsequent decades, so the more of the exploration of the territory was continued and additional self-governing Crown colonies were established. In 1867 three colonies have federated forming a federal dominion which established Canada. The history speaks that the word Canada derived from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word Kanata which means village or settlement. Indigenous people back in 1535 had used this word to direct the French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Later Cartier has used this word not only to call the particular village but the entire territory. Figure : Flag of Canada Canada is a developed and one of the well-heeled countries in the world. In terms of international measurements such as civil liberties, education, economic freedom, government transparency and quality of life it ranks among highest in the world. Moreover Canada owns the eighth highest per capita income globally, and the eleventh highest ranking in the Human Development Index. Also Canada is an active member of the G7, G8, G20, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, NATO, North American Free Trade Agreement, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Commonwealth of Nations, Francophonie, Organization of American States, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the United Nations. Although there are many actors, actresses, musicians, and inventors have come from Canada, it is generally known for its universal health care which is available to anyone. The famous products of Canada include maple syrup, certain beer, lumber, and tar-sands oil. Few of the products that Canada imports are aircraft and automobile parts, fruits and veggies, petroleum products, consumer goods like shoes and clothes. Canada exports things such as automotive parts, aircraft, electronics and industrial machinery. Western provinces are very popular for their great beef products while eastern provinces are famous for their seafood in Canada. As the country naturally owns greatest number of lakes, it supplies the United States with electricity and water. Canada is commonly known as a prosperous peaceful country worldwide although some of their military troops are at foreign land. 2. Analysis 2. 1 Political characteristics Since the late 19th century the when the provinces were self-governed in Canada the democratic principles have been predominant. The nation was ruled by a coalition of the Conservative and Liberal parties throughout the early 20th century. Anyhow, after â€Å"World War II† Canada was ruled by either the Conservatives or the Liberals. According to the World Banks Worldwide Governance Indicators Canada ranked in the 93. 8 percentile on voice and accountability in the year 2010 which represent the stability of the democratic system. The strong democratic setup of Canada counts to their strengths in terms of political aspects. Figure : Canadian political structure (Central government) Figure : Key political figures in Canada Trade and foreign relations continues to grow due to Canada’s proactive attitude towards those areas and this has helped in the development of significant trade investment links. The economy of the country is heavily depends on trade, especially United States. Also the export and import value makes an important share of its GDP. The government is undertaking free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations with Turkey, Morocco, Ukraine, the European Union (EU), South Korea, India, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Singapore, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Andean and Caribbean countries. Canada is developing agreements within the region to continue bilateral and regional free trade, avoid double taxation, strengthen financial and banking institutions, protect foreign investment, and assist development. Canada has signed bilateral agreements with Mexico, Greece, Ukraine and Croatia to Since May 2010 to enable youngsters to travel and work between the countries with ease. In February 2011, the US and Canada created the US-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council to support businesses Fresh landing slots for the Etihad and Emirates airlines were denied by Canada’s transport agency In October 2010 generating a diplomatic heat with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which is still boiling. As a hit back Gulfs closed down Canada’s military base Camp Mirage outside Dubai which was used in the Afghanistan war. UEA embassy cancelled free visa for Canadian citizens in December 2010 under above circumstances. The student protests can be witnessed in Quebec since February 2012. The reason for the protest is due to the increment of the tuition fees in universities with C$1,625 ($1,595) during the next five years. Some scuffles and damage to property in Central Montreal was seen in night-time protests. The governments of the province and the city have created laws to suppress protests. The tax structure of Canada is among the lowest in G8 countries. This is a very good conditioned making Canada a popular destination for investments. Moreover the most preferable RD tax credit program and the lowest payroll taxes among the G8 countries own by Canada. As of 2012 the lowest statutory corporate income tax rate among the G8 is an utmost advantage of Canada to attract foreign investors. The government has foreseen the next move of its economic plan under the budget for 2011, which includes aiding economic growth and job creation through lower taxes and investments in innovation, education, and training. 2. 2 Economical Characteristics Looking at Canada’s economy it is among other leading nations with a GDP of 1777. 80 USD in 2012. Statistical analyses indicate that it will hit 1919. 74 USD by end of 2013. Though there was a 2. 8% of economic contraction in 2009 it has bounce back with growth rate of 3. 2% in 2010. It is visible that the country has a strong banking system and healthy business environment. Contribution to the GDP of services was recorded 71% while industry recorded as 27. 1%. Minor rates of corporate taxes incentives for RD made a positive major respond in attracting FDI. But low productivity, current account deficit stay which showing attention. Figure : Canada GDP GDP Last Previous Highest Lowest Forecast Unit GDP Constant Prices 1695542. 00 2013-08-15 1684128. 00 1695542. 00 758823. 00 2690487. 90 2013-11-30 CAD Million Gdp Growth Annualized 2. 71 2013-08-15 1. 60 8. 54 -8. 99 2. 62 2014-03-31 Per cent Gross Fixed Capital Formation 401994. 00 2013-08-15 399659. 00 401994. 00 134073. 00 400513. 26 2013-11-30 CAD Million Gross National Product 1858668. 00 2013-08-15 1836128. 00 1858668. 00 343088. 00 1862786. 48 2013-11-30 Million CAD GDP per capita 35992. 10 2012-12-31 35794. 30 36182. 90 12931. 40 36149. 66 2013-12-31 USD GDP per capita PPP 35936. 26 2012-12-31 35738. 70 36126. 74 22635. 37 36208. 91 2013-12-31 USD GDP Growth Rate 0. 70 2013-09-30 0. 40 3. 33 -1. 80 0. 17 2013-12-31 per cent GDP Annual Growth Rate 1. 91 2013-09-30 1. 40 8. 80 -3. 70 1. 60 2013-12-31 per cent GDP 1821. 40 2012-12-31 1777. 80 1821. 40 40. 80 1919. 74 2013-12-31 USD Billion Table : Canada GDP information One of the most significant features of the Canadian Economy is its Strong Banking system which is capable of handling any financial crisis that the country faces. The Canadian Banking System has direct impact on the country’s economy as it constitutes C$7. 5bn ($7. 28bn) of its economy as taxes and contributes to the country’s GDP by 3%. Having over 75 domestic and foreign banks with more than 6,000 branches, the banking system provides more than 260,000 jobs for its citizens and 90,000 jobs outside of the country. This vast branch network provides uninterrupted and continuous banking services through 58,000 ATMs and 630,000 Payment Terminals while supporting 1. 2 million small- and medium-sized businesses financially. Canada is considered, a major exporter of oil, minerals, automobiles, manufactured goods, and forest products . According to the 2012 index of Economic Freedom, Canada scored 79. 9 making them the sixth among the free market economies. In the World Bank’s Doing Business 2012 rankings, the country placed 13th. In the ease of starting a business category, it is placed third. The factors that make Canada a favourable destination for investment are; Its’ flexibility and easiness of registering and starting a business (average of five days and just one procedure and can be done online since 2006) Flexibility in registering a property (six procedures and 17 days) The overall freedom to establish and run a business is strongly protected under Canada’s regulatory environment. No requirement for a minimum capital to set up a business However with the growing and stable economy there are several issues that the country faces including the government regulations favouring major energy projects that could have undeniable environmental impacts. Another major concern is its current account deficit. The country recorded a trade excess until 2008, and after that a current deficit was reported until 2012. The country’s government is looking for potential refinements to its economy in order to overcome the problem of current account deficit while looking at the causes for turning the surplus in 2008 to crating the deficit in 2009. And they are planning to establish a balanced budget by year 2015. Additional measures include Duty free manufacturing tariff scheme where tariffs on all manufacturing inputs will be reduced to zero by 2015, assisting country’s economic growth and job formation over a low tax scheme and investments. 2. 3 Legal Characteristics Business environment of Canada is transparent as a result of its comprehensive legal and regulatory framework. The freedom which gives by the national law and by the regulatory processes to start, operate and close a business does favour foreign investors in extensive. It is easy to start a business in Canada than in any other nation as it takes an average of five days and one procedure compared to the OECD average of 12 days and five procedures according to the World Banks Doing Business 2012 report. When setting up an enterprise the procedures need to follow are less weighty and more transparent. Provincial government earn higher revenues by taxing businesses. But country’s direct taxes are higher than provincial collections through VAT such as GST. Maximising revenues through VAT is found to be more effective than other types of taxes like income tax etc. as it has a broader base and doesn’t effect on the tendency of the people to save or invest or both. Even though Canada is an advance nation there are government restrictions on foreign ownership sectors such as telecoms, financial services, and aviation. Industries such as oil and gas, farming, book publishing and selling, liquor sales, fisheries, mining, optometry, collection agencies, engineering, pharmacies, and securities dealers also have significant restrictions with regard to foreign investment. If these sectors are fully liberalized there will be a rise in investment activities further more. 3. Conclusion The proactive attitudes of the government of Canada in trade and foreign relations have resulted in improving and developing trade investment links. Taxation of the system also favours foreign investments and this has been one another key play of its economy. Canada is among many other leading nations in terms of its economy. So the Economy and political aspects of the country favours positively in the context of doing business in Canada. Moreover, they have a transparent business environment as a result of its comprehensive legal and regulatory framework and national law as well as regulatory processes give such a freedom to start, operate and close a business with ease in Canada. Also registering and starting a business is very much flexible and easy as there is just one procedure to follow and that can be done online since 2006. These legal aspects also favour very much positively and encourage doing business at Canada. So in general under above discussed dimensions the structure, setup and its processes help and favours lot more in doing business in Canada relatively than many other countries in the world